记住要鼎一下哦

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INDEX  目录

1.       PNEUMATIC MANEOEUVRING SYSTEM 气动操纵系统

2.       MAIN ENGINE MANOEUUVRING SYSTEM INDICATING DEVICE 主机操纵系统指示装置

 

 

MITSUI SHIPBUILDING &ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

ENGINE DESIGN DEPARTMENT

 

 

 

 

INDEX

 

Ⅰ. COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM AND ARRANGEMENT 系统的构成和安排     Ⅰ-1

1.      Manoeuvring units 操纵元件

 

Ⅱ. OPERATION FOR MANOEUVRE OF MAIN ENGINE 操作主机操纵          Ⅱ-1

2.      Preparation   准备

3.      change-over of manoeuvring system 操纵系统的转换

4.      pneumatic control  气动控制

5.      emergency control  应急控制                                       Ⅱ-2

6.      finish with engine   完车                                           Ⅱ-2

 

Ⅲ. ACTION OF SYSTEM                        系统的动作                                       Ⅲ-1

1.      Engine stop                                                      Ⅲ-2

2.      running at ahead side         正车运转                             Ⅲ-3

3.      running at astern side         倒车运转                            Ⅲ-6

4.      load limit                     负荷限制                            Ⅲ-7

5.      emergency stop               应急停车                            Ⅲ-8

6.      emergency slow down          应急慢车                          Ⅲ-9

7.      rotary slide valve (pos. No. 15)          旋转滑阀                   Ⅲ-10

 

Ⅳ.   ADJUSTMENT OF COMPONENTS        组件的调整                   Ⅳ-1

 

Ⅴ.   TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SYSTEM        系统的出故障                 Ⅴ-1

1.  Stop circuit                           停车回路                   Ⅴ-2

2.    start circuit                           启动回路                  Ⅴ-6

3.    speed setting circuit                   速度设定回路              Ⅴ-10

 

Ⅵ.   PNEUMATIC MANOEUVRING SYSTEM SERVICE INFORMATION  气动操纵系统服务资料

 

Ⅶ.   THE LIST OF SERVICE CENTERS  服务中心列表

 

Ⅷ.   DRAWINGS  图

 

             

This pneumatic manoeuvring system is newly designed for and incorporated a Mitsui-B&W K type diesel engine (K84EF, K74EF and K62EF). 本气动操纵系统是为Mitsui-B&W K型柴油机新设计并合成一体

 

I.    COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM AND ARRANGEMENT

  

The construction of the whole system is shown in the line diagram “PNEUMATIC MANOEUVRING SYSTEM” (DWG. NO. TE1203)

整个系统的结构显示在图表“PNEUMATIC MANOEUVRING SYSTEM” (DWG. NO. TE1203)

From the viewpoint of function and maintenance of each component, all the components are equipped with in the form of a singular part or one unit of parts respectively as follows:

从功能的观点和各个组件的保养来看，下表中单一部件或一组元零件分别地所有的组件需要装备：

NO.	NAME	QUANTITY
1	cut off valve (pos. no. 13) 截止阀	1
2	source unit  (pos. no. 10) 电源单元	1 set
3	reservior (with a safety valve and a drain valve) (pos. no. 12) 气瓶	1 set
4	rotary slide valve (pos. no.15) manoeuvring position change-over valve 旋转滑阀 操纵位置转换阀	1
5	unit box  单元箱	1 set
6	lock out cylinder (pos. no. 75)  锁闭气缸	1
7	single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 17)  单动作气缸	1
8	3-way valve (pos. no.27)  三通阀	1
9	components built-in on a control stand (manoeuvring valve, reservoir with a drain and pressure gauge)  组件固定在控制台（操纵阀，气瓶）	1

 

Item No. 1 to No.8 above are equipped with on the main engine, while Item No.9 is built-in on the control stand.上面1到8项装配于主机上，而第九项内置于控制台。

 

REMARKS:

1.       Manoeuvring units操纵单元

a.       regulating handle, Dwg. No. 6445-1590994调节手柄

The regulating handle consists of manoeuvring valve pos. no. 01 and handle mechanism.

调节手柄由操纵阀01和手柄机构组成。

Stroke of the handle is as follows:手柄的行程如下：

Total stroke  总行程-----------------------------------------------------------------------------82.5°

Start position from stop 从停止到启动位置----------------------------13°

Minimum F.O. injection position from stop 从停止到最小燃油喷射位置---22.5°

Maximum F.O. injection position from stop 从停止到最大燃油喷射位置---82.5°

 

The output signal of each valve in this unit is shown in the drawing. (Dwg. No. 6445-1590994)在此单元各阀的输出信号出示在图No. 6445-1590994

 

The marks on the handle consist of the wording “stop”and “start”, and the scale of F.O. injection. This scale of F.O. injection is marked with every graduation one-tenth of the engine speed to make easy operation possible.

手柄的记号由单词“STOP”和“START“和燃油刻度比例尺组成。燃油比例尺被标志为每1/10级机器转速使易于操作。

The regulating handle is fitted with a fine speed adjust knob and a latch.

调节手柄配有一个细的速度调整旋扭一个锁销。

b.       Reversing handle换向手柄

 

To enable the handle of the engine telegraph receiver to serve for the reversing handle, two 3-way valves are set up for the engine telegraph receiver, and so only answering the engine telegraph order suffices for the engineer, and the simultaneous operation of the reversing handle is possible.

                     为了使机器车钟接收器可以用作换向手柄，两个三通阀被设置为机器车钟接收器。因而轮机员仅仅回答车钟命令就能同时地操作换向手柄成为可能。

2.       Details of each component各个组件的详细资料

Refer to the respective drawing.参照各自的图形

 

 

 

 

 

 

I.                     

II.              OPERATION FOR MANOEUVRE OF MAIN ENGINE 主机的操纵操作

1.             Preparation 准备

Turn the handle of the cut-off valve (pos. no.13) to the “open” position in order to supply the system with control air. 转动截止阀13 手柄到开位置，为了提供系统控制空气。

 

2.             Change -over of manoeuvring system 操纵系统的转换

As a rule, when engineer wants to change over the pneumatic manoeuvring system to the mechanical manoeuvring system or vice versa, the engineer must perform the change-over operation with the engine stopped.

作为一个惯例，当轮机员要转换气动操纵系统到机械操纵系统或反过来转换机械操纵系统到气动操纵系统，轮机员必须在机器停止时进行转换操作。

After the main engine is stopped, the engineer must perform the operation in the following way:

在主机停下后，轮机员必须按以下步骤进行操作

a. Turn the handle of the rotary slide valve (pos. no. 15) to either position “normal” or “emergency” whichever the engineer wants. 转动旋转滑阀15到或者正常位置或应急位置无论哪一个轮机员想要的。

b.   Turn the handle of the clutch to either position “normal” or “emergency” whichever the engineer wants, at the root of the spring rod for fuel regulating. 转动离合器手柄到正常位置或应急位置无论哪一个轮机员想要的，在燃油调节弹簧杆的根部。

 

If the positions of the handle of the rotary slide valve (pos. no. 15) and the handle of the clutch are inconsistent不一致, all the annunciators indicating the manoeuvring position light off and the alarm bell begins to ring. Only when the alarm bell stops and the annunciator shows the manoeuvring position clearly, normal manoeuvre of the main engine is possible. 如果旋转滑阀15的手柄的位置和离合器的手柄的位置不一致，所有的信号器指示操纵位置灯灭并且警报铃开始鸣响。只有当警报铃停止和信号器清楚地显示操纵位置，主机的正常操纵才成为可能。

 

The alarm system is described in the instruction book supplied as the appendix. 警报系统叙述以说明书附录。

 

3.           Pneumatic control 气动控制

Turn both handles of the rotary slide valve (pos. no. 15) and the clutch to the position “normal”, and the annunciator “pneumatic control” is lit on.

转旋转滑阀手柄15和离合器手柄到正常位置，信号器“气动控制“灯亮。

Engineer must answer the engine telegraph order by moving the reversing handle to the position “ahead” or “astern” corresponding to the order. In compliance with the order, the engineer must change the state of the main engine by means of the regulating handle. 轮机员必须回答车令通过移动换向杆到前进或后退相应的车令。遵从车令，轮机员必须转换主机的状态通过调节手柄。

 

Start of main engine 主机的启动

 

Move the regulating handle from the stop position to the start position.

Whereupon the main engine goes in from stop to air-running. After making sure of the position of the cam shaft and the direction of rotation and the speed of the main engine by each indicator, move the regulating handle still more to the corresponding position to the engine telegraph order. Consequently, the main engine goes into running at the speed corresponding to the handle position.

移动调节手柄从停止位置到启动位置。因此主机从停止进入空气运转。在通过各个指示器确认凸轮轴位置和旋转方向和主机转速之后，还要更多地移动调节手柄到主机车令相应的位置。从而主机进入手柄位置相应的运转转速。

Speed regulation of main engine

主机速度调整。

The speed regulation to the desired condition can be performed by means of the operation of regulating handle looking at the pressure gauge. (pos. no.03)

速度调节到要求的状态能够被执行，通过看压力表03操作调节手柄。

Stop of the main engine

主机的停止

Move the regulating handle to the stop position, and the main engine comes to a stop.

移动调节手柄到停止位置，主机将停止。

4.           Emergency control 应急控制

Turn both handles of the rotary slide valve (pos. no. 15) and the clutch to the emergency position, and the annunciator “emergency” is lit on.

转动旋转滑阀15和离合器手柄到应急位置，指示器“应急“灯亮。

Engineer is able to manoeuvre the main engine in the former procedure.

轮机员能操纵主机如上程序。

5.           Finished with engine 完车

a.     Move both regulating handle of the pneumatic manoeuvring system and the mechanical manoeuvring system to the stop position, and also both reversing handles to the position “F/E”. 移动气动操纵系统调节手柄和机械操纵手柄都到停止位置，而换向手柄也到完车“F/E“位置。

b.     In order to cut off the supply of control air, turn the handle of the rotary slide valve ( pos. no. 15) to the “blow off” position, and also the handle of the cut-off valve (pos. no. 13) to the “close” position. 为了切断控制空气的供应，转动旋转滑阀15到“放出“位置，而截止阀13的位置也到关闭的位置。

 

 

 

 

 

 

III.          ACTION OF THE SYSTEM 系统的动作

Refer to the line diagram “pneumatic manoeuvring system” (Dwg. No. TE1203)

参照管路图“气动操纵系统”(Dwg. No. TE1203)

This line diagram has been drawn up on the condition that the main engine remains stopped at astern side and that control air has been blown off.

这图画于主机停留在停止位置后退方向及控制空气已经放出的状况。

For the details of P.G. governor, refer to the instruction book separately supplied.

对于P。G。调速器，参照分别提供的说明书。

1.           Engine stop    机器的停止

Suppose that both the regulating handle and the reversing handle are at the stop position. 假设调节手柄和换向手柄都在停止位置。

 

The manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) connected to the regulating handle remains in action (upper frame), but another valves (pos. no. 01-Ⅱ~Ⅲ) are out of action.

操纵阀01-Ⅳ连接到调节手柄停留在动作位置（上位），但其他阀01-Ⅱ~Ⅲ是不在动作。

The output pressure signal of the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) actuates the 3-way valve (pos. no. 22) through the pipe named “stop” and the double check valve (pos. no. 24). 操纵阀01-Ⅳ的输出压力信号动作在三通阀22上，通过STOP管路和双向止回阀。

By operation of the 3-way valve (pos. no. 22)(upper frame), the output pressure signal of this valve holds the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21) at the stop position through the double check valve (pos. no. 72-1) and the quick release valve (pos. no. 41). 通过操作三通阀22（上位），此阀的输出压力信号保持单作用气缸21在停止位置通过双向止回阀72-1和快速泄放阀41。

 

Consequently the main engine comes to a stop. 从而主机进到停止。

 

 

2.           Running at ahead side 正车方向运转

Suppose that engineer moves the reversing handle to the “ahead” side in response to the engine telegraph order. 假设轮机员移动换向手柄到正车侧回应主机车令。

 

The 3-way valve (pos. no. 06) remains in action (right frame). The manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) remains in action (upper frame). 三通阀06停留在动作（右位）。操纵阀01-Ⅳ停留在动作。

 

If engineer moves the regulating handle to the start position, the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅱ) is put into action (upper frame), and the output pressure signal of this valve actuates the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅲ) through the 3-way valve (pos. no. 06, right frame) and the pipe named “ahead”.

如果轮机员移动调节手柄到启动位置，操纵阀01-Ⅱ进入动作（上位），而且此阀的输出压力信号动作在换向气缸26-Ⅲ上，通过三通阀06右位，和管路AHEAD。

 

The manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) puts out the speed setting signal such as 0.5 kg/cm2 G, which can be made sure by the pressure gauge (pos. no. 03).

操纵阀01-Ⅲ放出速度设定信号如0.5 kg/cm2 G，他能由压力表03确认。

 

Now the 3-way valve (pos. no. 25) is operated (lower frame) with the linkage actuated by the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21). As the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅲ) is being operated (lower frame), the pressure signal of control air moves the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅰ) to the ahead side through the pipe named “SUPPLY” and the 3-way valve (pos. no. 25, lower frame).

现在三通阀25工作下位，通过单作用气缸21。由于换向气缸26-Ⅲ已经工作，控制空气的压力信号移动换向气缸26-Ⅰ到正车侧通过管路SUPPLY和三通阀25，下位。

Therefore, the valve (pos. no. 26-Ⅳ) connected mechanically to the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅰ) is operated (upper frame), and so the pressure signal which is put out only when the engine telegraph order is consistent with the position of the air distributor actuates the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 17) and 3-way valve (pos. no. 29).

因此，阀26-Ⅳ机械连接到换向气缸26-Ⅰ工作，上位，如此压力信号被放出，只有当主机车令与空气分配器动作在单作用信号气缸17和三通阀29位置一致时。

The brake cylinder for the camshaft change-over is controlled independently by the reversing pilot valve connected mechanically to the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅰ). 凸轮轴转换刹车气缸被独立地控制由换向引导阀机械连接到换向气缸26-Ⅰ

 

The coil of the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73) is not being energized (left frame). (The operation of the magnet valve (pos. no. 73) is described in 6. “Emergency slow down”.) 三通电磁阀73绕组没有加电，左位。（电磁阀73的工作在第6点“应急慢车”叙述。）

 

The output pressure signal of the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅳ) actuates the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29) through the check choke valve (pos. no. 30), the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73) and the reservoir (pos. no. 31).

换向气缸的输出压力信号26-Ⅳ动作在三通阀29通过截止节流阀30，三通电磁阀73和气瓶31。

On starting the main engine, the 3-way valve (pos. no.29) in action changes the output pressure signal of the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) in place of the output pressure signal of the pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 28).

在启动主机，三通阀29在动作转换操纵阀01-Ⅲ的输出压力信号为减压阀28的输出压力信号。

In consequence, the most suitable pressure signal of the speed setting for engine start is supplied to the P.G. governor, whereby the P.G. governor comes into action, but the spring rod is compressed because the fuel regulating shaft is kept up at the stop position with the rod of the linkage actuated by the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21).

结果，给机器启动的速度设定的最适合的压力信号被供给到P。G。调速器，由此P。G。调速器进入动作，但弹簧杆被压缩，因为燃油调节轴保持在停止位置连接杆促使由单作用气缸21。

When the rod of the single-acting cylinder(pos. no. 17) actuates the pilot valve, the main engine begins to run on the starting air. In its initial stage the change-of the camshaft is performed. If the camshaft is not positioned regularly at ahead side or astern side, the 3-way valve (pos. no. 27) is brought back as was before (upper frame).

当单作用气缸17的杆促动引导阀，主机开始在启动空气的作用下运转。在他的初始阶段凸轮轴的转换被执行。

The pressure signal of control air actuates the 3-way valve (pos. no. 22) through the pipe named “SUPPLY”, the line filter (pos. no. 51-3), the 3-way valve (pos. no. 27), the line filter (pos. no. 52-8) and the double check valve (pos. no. 24). So the pressure signal of control air holds the single-acting cylinder at the stop position through the pipe named “SUPPLY”, the 3-way valve (pos. no. 22, upper frame), the double check valve(pos. no. 72-1) and the quick release valve (pos. no. 41, right frame).

控制空气的压力信号促动三通阀22通过管路SUPPLY，管线滤器51-3，三通阀27，管线52-8，和双向止回阀24。因此控制空气的压力信号保持单作用气缸在停止位置通过管路SUPPLY，三通阀22，上位，双向止回阀72-1和快速泄放阀41，右位。

The main engine does not change into the fuel-running from the air-running as long as the signal is put out. In other words, the regular side of the cam shaft and the fuel running of the main engine are interlocked with each other.

当信号消除时，主机不会从空气运转转入燃油运转。换句话说，凸轮轴的调油侧与主机的燃油运转是相互联锁的。

After the normal air-running, engineer must move the regulating handle to the position corresponding to the pressure which has been set by the pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 28) when the speed of the main engine is more than the air cut speed.

在正常的空气运转后，轮机员必须移动调节手柄到相应的压力的位置，其压力已由压力减压阀28设定，当主机的转速已经高于空气切断转速。

The manoeuvring valves (pos. no. 01-Ⅰ~Ⅱ) being brought back as were before (lower frame), the output pressure signal of the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) becomes equal to the pressure corresponding to the handle position because the handle position and the output pressure signal of the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) corresponding to each other.

操纵阀01-Ⅰ~Ⅱ已经拉回到如前，下位，操纵阀01-Ⅲ的输出压力信号变得与手柄位置相应的压力相等，因为手柄位置和操纵阀的输出压力信号相互对应。

When the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅱ) is brought back as was before（lower frame）, the “ahead” signal is blown off through the 3-way valve (pos. no. 06, left frame). Thereby the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅲ) is brought back as was before (upper frame). The control air which has actuated the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 17) is blown off through the reversing cylinders (pos. no. 26-Ⅳ, upper frame & pos. no. 26-Ⅲ, upper frame), thus the air-running of the main engine being finished. All the same, the control air which has actuated the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅰ) is blown off, but the position of it is mechanically kept at the ahead position as it is实际上. At the same time, the pressure signal of control air which has actuated the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29) is blown off by the control air in the reservoir (pos. no. 31) through the check choke valve (pos. no. 30) and the reversing cylinders (pos. no. 26-Ⅲ&Ⅳ). However, because of the check choke valve (pos. no. 30), it takes a few seconds until the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29) is brought back as was before (lower frame).

当操纵阀01-Ⅱ拉回到如前位置，下位，“正车“信号通过三通阀06，左位，放出。因此换向气缸26-Ⅲ被拉回如前位，上位。动作在单作用气缸17的控制空气通过换向气缸26-Ⅳ上位，和26-Ⅲ上位，放出。因此主机的空气运转已经结束。所有同样地，施压在换向气缸26-Ⅰ的控制空气已经放出，但它的位置实际上机械地保持在正车位置。同时，施压在三通阀29的控制空气压力信号已经放出通过空气瓶31通过截止节流阀30和换向气缸26-Ⅲ&Ⅳ。然而，因为截止节流阀30，它将延时几秒直到三通阀29拉回到如前，下位。

The speed setting signal to actuate the P.G. governor never changes the one which has been set by the check choke valve (pos. no. 30) over to the one set by the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ), but the main engine changes into the fuel-running from the air-running.

到促动P。G。调速器的速度设定信号决不会从由截止节流阀设定转换到由操纵阀01-Ⅲ设定，但主机从空气运转转入到燃油运转。

When the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) is brought back as was before (lower frame), the “stop” signal is blown off. Consequently the 3-way valve (pos. no. 22) is brought back as was before (lower frame). So, the control air which has actuated the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21) is blown off rapidly through the quick release valve (pos. no. 41). Thus, the fuel regulating shaft turns rapidly to the fuel position, which has been set by the rod of the P.G. governor, by the force of the spring built-in in the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21) and by the reaction of the compressed spring rod. Therefore, the change-over of the main engine from the air-running to the fuel-running is performed. With the fuel regulating shaft removing from the stop position, the 3-way valve (pos. no. 25) which is detecting this position is brought back as was before (upper frame), and the output pressure signal of it is blown off through it.

当操纵阀01-Ⅳ拉回到如前下位，停止信号放出。因此三通阀22被拉回到如前下位。因此，施压在单作用气缸21的控制空气被迅速地泄放通过快速泄放阀41。因此，燃油调节轴迅速地转到燃油位置，其位置已由P。G。调速器的杆设定，通过内置在单作用气缸21的弹簧的强力和被压缩的弹簧杆的反作用力。所以，主机从空气运转到燃油运转的转换已经完成。伴随着燃油调节杆从停止位置往回移动，三通阀25探测此位置已经拉回如前上位，而它的输出压力信号已泄放通过它。

After completion of the starting operation, engineer can drive the main engine at the speed as he desires by moving the regulating handle in the range between the min. fuel position and the max. fuel position. Because the output pressure signal of the manoeuvring valve(pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) corresponding to the regulating handle position determines the output rate of the P.G. governor through the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29, lower frame).

在启动操作完成后，轮机员可以驱动主机到他想要的转速通过移动调节手柄在最小燃油位置和最大燃油位置之间范围内。因为操纵阀01-Ⅲ相应调节手柄位置的输出压力信号决定调速器输出比率通过三通阀29，下位。

 

3.           Running at astern side 倒车运转

Suppose that you move the reversing handle to the “astern” side in response to the engine telegraph order.

假设你移动换向手柄到“倒车“侧，回应主机车令。

The 3-way valve (pos. no. 07) goes into action (left frame), while the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) has been operating (upper frame).

三通阀07其起作用左位，而当时操纵阀01-Ⅳ已经动作中。

If you move the regulating handle to the start position, the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅱ) goes into action (upper frame) and the output pressure signal of through the 3-way valve (pos. no. 07, left frame) and the pipe named “astern”.

如果你移动调节手柄到启动位置，操纵阀01-Ⅱ起作用及输出压力信号通过三通阀07左位和管路“倒车“

 

The manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) puts out the speed setting signal such as 0.5 kg/cm2 G, which can be made sure by means of the pressure gauge (pos. no. 03).

操纵阀01-Ⅲ输出速度设定信号如0.5 kg/cm2 G， 其能通过压力表03 来确定。

The 3-way valve (pos. no. 25) has been operating (lower frame) with the linkage actuated by the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21).

三通阀25已经动作中下位与连接由单作用气缸21促动。

 

When the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅱ) is put into action (lower frame), the pressure signal of the control air moves the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅰ) to the astern side through the pipe named “SUPPLY” and the 3-way valve (pos. no. 25, lower frame).

当换向气缸26-Ⅱ起作用下位，控制空气的压力信号移动换向气缸26-Ⅰ到倒车侧通过管路“SUPPLY“和三通阀25下位。

Therefore, the valve (pos. no. 26-Ⅳ) connected mechanically to the reversing cylinder (pos. no. 26-Ⅰ) goes into action (lower frame), and the pressure signal is put out only when confirmed that the engine telegraph order is consistent with the position of the air distributor. This pressure signal actuates the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 17) and the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29)

因此，阀26-Ⅳ机械地连接到换向气缸26-Ⅰ动作下位，且压力信号被放出只有当主机车令与空气分配器的位置一致被得到证实。此压力信号促动单作用汽缸17和三通阀29。

After that, the main engine is driven in the same way as is the case with the ahead running.

此后，主机在与正车运转同样的途径被驱动。

4.           Load limit 负荷限制

 

The P.G. governor has the function capable of limiting the maximum rate of the output by the rate of the scavenging air pressure.

P．G．调速器拥有通过扫气压力比例来限制输出的最大功率。

To give this rate to the governor, the signal detects out the scavenging air pressure from the scavenging air pipe. The signal is transmitted to the P.G. governor through the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 35) and the safety valve (pos. no. 36)

为给予此比率到调速器，从扫气空气管探测出扫气压力信号。

However, in case of irregular running of the main engine, such as one cut off turbocharger running or one cut off fuel pump running, the signal does not act effectively. For that reason it is necessary to change the rate of the signal. To serve this purpose, the switch name “load limiter cut off” is mounted on the control desk in the control room.

然而，在主机不规则运转的情况下，比如切断一个透平增压器运转或切断一个燃油泵运转，此信号不会有效地起作用，对此理由他有必要去转换信号的比率。为适应此目的，一开关名叫“负荷限制器切断”安装在集控室的控制台上。

If you turn this switch on, the 3-way magnet valve (pos. n. 34) goes into action, and control air is transmitted to the P.G. governor in place of scavenging air through the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 34), right frame).

如果你打开此开关，三通电磁阀34动作，控制空气通过三通电磁阀被传送到P。G。调速器代替扫气空气。

The control air is supplied to the P.G. governor at the proper rate reduced by the pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 35).

被输送到P。G。调速器的控制空气通过压力减压阀35减到合适的比率。数值

For protection of the P.G. governor, the safety valve (pos. no. 36) is prepared.

为了保护P。G。调速器，准备了安全阀36。

5.           Emergency stop (For ships classed by LR.) 应急停车（LR 船级社）

 

If irregular state, such as main L.O. becomes low in pressure, is detected, the coil of the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 77), which has already been energized, is deenergized. (The action of the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 77) is described in full in the instruction book for the engine protecting system.)

如果无规律的情况，例如主滑油泵低压被探测到，三通电磁阀77的线圈其原已经通电，被断电。（三通电磁阀77的动作在主机安保系统说明书完整叙述。）

By deenergizing of coil, control air moves the single-acting cylinder to the stop position through the pipe named “SUPPLY”, the double check valve (pos. no. 72-2), the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 77, lower frame) and the 3-way valve (pos. no. 78, lower frame).

通过其线圈断电，控制空气移动单作用汽缸到停止位置通过SUPPLY管路，双向截止阀72-2，三通电磁阀77下位和三通阀78，下位。

Compressing the spring rod, the linkage connected mechanically to the rod of the single-acting cylinder turns the fuel regulating shaft to the stop position. Consequently, fuel oil supply to the main engine is shut out.

压缩弹簧杆，联动装置机械连接到单作用汽缸的杆上转动燃油调节杆到停止位置。从而，燃油供给主机被关闭。

This action has no connection at all with the operating state of the pneumatic manoeuvring system.

此动作完全没有连接到气动操纵系统的操纵状态。

The 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 77) is never energized again (upper frame), but if the cause of deenergizing is eliminated and the electric circuits of the engine protecting system are reset, the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 77) is energized (upper frame), then the control air which has actuated the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21) being rapidly blown off through the quick release valve (pos. no. 41).

三通电磁阀77决不会再次通电上位，但如果断电的原因被消除而且主机安保系统电气回路被复位，三通电磁阀77被通电上位，作用在单作用汽缸21的控制空气已被迅速放出通过快速泄放阀41。

6.           Emergency slow down  应急慢车

 

If irregular state, such as main L.O. becomes low in pressure, is detected, the coil of the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73), which has already been energized, is deenergized. (The action of the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73) is described in full in the instruction book for the engine protecting system.)

如果无规律情况，例如主滑油泵低压被探测，已经通电的三通电磁阀73的线圈，被断电。（三通电磁阀73的动作完整叙述在主机安保系统说明书）。

By deenergizing of coil, the control air actuates the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29 through the pipe named “SUPPLY” and the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73, right frame).

由线圈的断电，控制空气促动三通阀29通过SUPPLY管路和三通电磁阀73右位。

Consequently, the control air reduced to the rate set properly in advance by the pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 28) is transmitted to the P.G. governor as the speed setting signal in place of the speed setting signal raised by the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ).

从而，控制空气减低到通过减压阀28预先适当设定的比率值，被传送到P。G。调速器，作为速度设定信号代替由操纵阀01-Ⅲ加高的速度设定信号。

Thereby the engine changes its speed to the rate corresponding to the rate set properly in advance. This action has no connection at all with the operating state of the pneumatic manoeuvring system.

因此主机转变它的转速到预先适当设定的相应比率值。此动作完全没有连接到气动操纵系统操作状态。

The 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73) is never deenergized, but the cause of energizing is eliminated and the electric circuits of the engine protecting system are reset.

三通电磁阀73决不会断电，但通电的原因被消除而且主机安保系统电气回路被复位。[是否有误？]

Then the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no. 73) is deenergized and the speed setting signal raised by the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅲ) is transmitted to the P.G. governor again.

然后三通电磁阀73被断电，由操纵阀01-Ⅲ加高的速度设定信号被重新传送到P。G。调速器。

7.           Rotary slide valve (pos. no. 15) 旋转滑阀15

 

This valve is used in the cause of finish with the engine and change-over of the manoeuvring system from the pneumatic to the mechanical or vice versa.反之亦然

此阀被用于完车的原因和操纵系统从气动转换到机械操纵或从机械转换到气动操纵。

In case of finish with the engine, it is necessary to turn the handle of this valve to the “blow off” position. If the handle is turned, control air is blown off entirely from the system through this valve (middle frame).

在完车情况下，必须转动此阀的手柄到放气位置。如果手柄被转动，控制空气从系统中通过此阀中位，完全地被放出。

When you want to manoeuvre the main engine by the pneumatic manoeuvring system, it is necessary to turn the handle to the “normal” position. If you turn the handle, the control air is not supplied to the pipe named “E”, but to the pipe named “P”.

当你想要通过气动操纵系统操纵主机时，必须转动手柄到正常位置。如果你转动手柄，控制空气不会供给到管路E，但会供给到管路P。

When you want to manoeuvre the main engine by the mechanical manoeuvring system, it is necessary to turn the handle to the “emergency” position. If you turn the handle, the control air is not supplied to the pipe named “P”, but to the pipe named “E”.

当你想要使用机械操纵系统操纵主机时，必须转动手柄到应急位置。如果你转动手柄，控制空气不会供给到管路P，但会供给到管路E。

 

IV.              ADJUSTMENT OF COMPONENTS 组件的调整

1.           Source unit 气源

 

Proper rate of control air 控制空气适当值------------------------7 kg/cm2G

Variable range of control air 变化范围-------------------------- 6~8 kg/cm2G

Max. allowable range of control air  控制空气最大允许范围--------5~9 kg/cm2G

Pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 10-Ⅲ) 减压阀------------------7 kg/cm2G

 

2.           Safety valve (pos. no. 11)  安全阀11-----------------------------8 kg/cm2G

3.           Safety valve (pos. no. 36)  安全阀36 ----------------------------1.2 kg/cm2G

4.           Pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 28) 减压阀28-------------------2.0 kg/cm2G

5.           pressure reducing valve (pos. no. 35) 减压阀35-------------------1.1 kg/cm2G

6.           Check choke valve  (pos. no. 30) 节流阀30

Time to release the 3-way valve (pos. no. 29) 泄放三通阀29的时间 --6 sec

 

V.                 TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SYSTEM 系统故障

 

If there are any trouble found, make sure of the operation of the system in the following way. 如果发现故障，通过以下途径确定系统的工作。

Before you make sure of the system, it is necessary to make sure of the following:

1.           Stop the main engine

2.           Shut off fuel oil supply to the main engine.

3.           Move the handle of the shut off slide valve to the “close” position.

4.           Make sure that the engine protecting system is working in the normal condition; in other words, the system is not in the state necessitating emergency stop.

在你确认系统之前，需要确认以下：

1．  停止主机

2．  关闭到主机的燃油供应

3．  移动滑阀手柄到关闭位置

4．  确认主机安保系统工作在正常状态；换句话说，系统不是在迫使的应急停车状态。

 

After making sure of the system condition, it is necessary to perform “TRY ENGINE” procedure thoroughly before engineer manoeuvres the main engine by the system.

在确认系统状态之后，有必要彻底地进行主机试验程序，在轮机员通过系统操纵主机之前。

 

B.           Stop circuit 停止回路

1.       At first, make sure that the camshaft is held at the proper position, just at the ahead side or the astern side。首先，确认凸轮轴保持在适当位置，在正车侧或倒车侧。

*** Let the regulating handle move to the stop position and to the fuel position alternately. The single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21) is moved from the stop position to the max. position corresponding to the operation. 交变地移动调节手柄到停止位置和燃油位置。单作用气缸21被移动从停止位置到最大位置相应对操作。

---yes- The stop circuit is good. 是，停车回路良好

---no.-- There is some air leakage from the exhaust vent of the manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) 不，有一些空气从操纵阀01-Ⅳ的废气口漏出。

---yes--- The manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) is not good. 是，操纵阀01-Ⅳ不良

---no--- Take out the cover of the line filter (pos. no. 51-5) 不，取出滤器51-5的盖

*** Move the regulating handle to the stop position and to the fuel position alternately. There is proper blowing from the line filter (pos. no. 51-5) 移动调节手柄到停止位置和燃油位置交变地。有适当的气从滤器吹出。

---no--- The manoeuvring valve (pos. no. 01-Ⅳ) is not good. 不，操纵阀01-Ⅳ不良。

---yes-- Bring the cover of the line filter back as was before. 是，将滤器盖装回。

*** Take out of the cover of the line filter (pos. no. 52-8) 取出滤器52-8的盖。

***Move the regulating handle to the stop position. There is some blowing from the line filter (pos. no 52-8) 移动调节手柄到停止位置。有一些气从滤器52--8吹出。

---yes--- The double check valve (pos. no. 24) is not good. 是，双向截止阀24不良。

---no--- Move the regulating handle to the stop position or to the fuel position. There is some air leakage from the exhaust vent of the 3-way valve (pos. no. 22)  不，移动调节手柄到停止位置或燃油位置。有一些空气从三通阀22的废气口漏出。

---yes--- The 3-way valve (pos. no. 22) is not good. 是，三通阀22不良。

*** When moving the regulating handle from the stop position to the proper blowing from the exhaust vent of the 3-way valve. 当从停止位置移动调节手柄到。。适当的气从三通阀的废气口吹出。

---no--- Move the regulating handle to the stop position. There is some blowing from the exhaust vent of the 3-way magnet valve (pos. no.71) 不， 移动调节手柄到停止位置。有一些气从三通电磁阀71的废气口吹出。---(yes,--- The double check valve (pos. no. 72-1)is not good)---(-no--, The 3-way valve (pos. no. 22) is not good.) 是，双向截止阀72-1不良。不，三通阀22不良。

---yes---Move the regulating handle to the stop position. There is some leakage from the exhaust vent of the quick release valve (pos. no.41). 是，移动调节手柄到停止位置。有一些气从快速泄放阀41的废气口漏出。

---yes---The quick release valve (pos. no.41) is not good. 是，快速泄放阀41不良。

---no---When moving the regulating handle to the fuel position, there is proper blowing from the exhaust vent of the quick release valve (pos. no. 41). 不，当移动调节手柄到燃油位置，有一些适当的气从快速泄放阀41的废气口吹出。

---no--- The quick release valve (pos. no.41) is not good. 不，快速泄放阀不良。

---yes---There is irregularity in the linkage system actuated by the single-acting cylinder (pos. no. 21). 是，有一些不规则在联结系统由单作用气缸21促动。

---no---The single acting cylinder (pos. no. 21) is not good. 不，单作用气缸21不良。

 

Actuate the 3-way valve (27) by some adequate means. There is proper blowing from the exhaust vent of the line filter (52-8), corresponding to the motion of the 3-way valve (27). 通过一些适当的方法促动三通阀27。有适当的气从滤器52-8的废气口吹出，相应对三通阀27的动作。

---no---The 3-way valve (27) is not good. 不，三通阀27不良。

---yes—Bring the cover of the line filter (52-8) back as was before. 是，装回滤器52-8的盖。

There is some blowing from the exhaust vent of the rotary slide valve (15) 有一些气从旋转滑阀的废气口吹出。

---yes—The double check valve (72-2) is not good. 是，双向截止阀72-2不良。

---no---Move the regulating handle to the fuel position. Deenergize the coil of the 3-way magnet valve and energize alternately by the operation of the engine protecting system. The single-acting cylinder is moved corresponding to the operation. 不，移动调节手柄到燃油位置。通过主机安保系统的操作交变地断电和通电三通电磁阀。单作用气缸移动相应对操作。

---no—The 3-way magnet valve (77) is not good. 不，三通电磁阀77不良。

 

C.           Start circuit 起动回路

Move the regulating handle from the stop position to the start position.

Move the reversing handle to the ahead side and to the astern side alternatively. Air distributor and single-acting cylinder (17) go into action.

移动调节手柄从停止位置到启动位置。

移动换向手柄到正车侧和倒车侧交变地。空气分配器和单作用气缸动作。

---yes—The starting circuit is good. 起动回路良好。

---no—When moving the regulating handle to the stop position or to the start position, there is some air leakage from the exhaust vent of the manoeuvring valve (01-Ⅱ)

不，当移动调节手柄到停止位置或启动位置，有一些空气从操纵阀01-Ⅱ的废气口漏出。

---yes—The manoeuvring valve (01-Ⅱ) is not good. 是，操纵阀01-Ⅱ不良。

---no—Try the following operation in each case:  Move reversing handle to ahead side, and move it to astern side. When moving the regulating handle from the start position to the stop position, there is some blowing from the exhaust vent of the manoeuvring valve (01-Ⅱ).

不，在各个情况下试验以下操作：移动换向手柄到正车侧，和移动到倒车侧。当移动调节手柄从起动位置到停止位置，有一些气从操纵阀01-Ⅱ的废气口吹出。

---no--The manoeuvring valve (01-Ⅱ) is not good.不，操纵阀01-Ⅱ不良。

---yes—Move the regulating handle from the stop position to the start position.

是，移动调节手柄从停车位置到启动位置。

Take out the cover of the line filter (51-4) 取出滤器51-4的盖。

Move the reversing handle to the ahead side and to the stop position alternately. There is proper blowing from the line filter (51-4) corresponding to the operation.

移动换向手柄到正车侧和倒车侧交变地。有适当的气从滤器51-4吹出相应到操作。

---no—The 3-way valve (06) is not good. 不，三通阀06不良。

---yes—Move the reversing handle to the ahead side. There is proper blowing from the line filter (51-4) when moving the regulating handle to the stop position, to the start position and to the fuel position alternately.

是，移动换向手柄到正车侧。有适当的气从滤器51-4吹出，当移动调节手柄到停止位置，到启动位置和到燃油位置交变地。

---no—The manoeuvring valve (01-Ⅱ) is not good. 不，操纵阀01-Ⅱ不良。

---yes—Bring the cover of the line filter (51-4) back as was before. 是，装回滤器51-4的盖。

Move the regulating handle from the stop position to the starting position.

Take out the cover of the line filter (51-2).

移动调节手柄从停止位置到启动位置。取出滤器51-2的盖。

Move the reversing handle to the ahead side and to the astern side alternately. There is proper blowing from the line filter (51-2) corresponding to the operation.

移动换向手柄到正车侧和倒车侧交变地。有适当的气从滤器51-2吹出相应对操作。

---no—The 3-way valve (07) is not good. 不，三通阀07不良。

---yes—Bring the cover of the line filter (51-2) back as was before. 是，装回滤器51-2 的盖。

There is proper blowing from the exhaust vent of the 3-way valve (25) when there is no air leakage from the exhaust vent of the valve and the valve is operated manually.

有适当的气从三通阀25的废气口吹出，当没有空气从阀的废气口漏出而该阀被人工操作时。

---no—The 3-way valve (25) is not good. 不，三通阀25不良。

Move the regulating handle from the stop position to the start position.

Move the reversing handle to the ahead side and to the astern side alternately. Air distributor is operated corresponding to the operation.

移动调节手柄从停止位置到启动位置。交变地移动换向手柄到正车侧和倒车侧。空气分配器相对应其操作动作。

---no—The pawl of the reversing handle for the mechanical manoeuvring system is caught. ---yes—The lock out cylinder (75) is not good. ---no—There is irregularity in the machinery system. The reversing cylinder (26) is not good.

不，机械操纵系统换向手柄的棘爪被卡住。--是，锁定气缸75不良。--不，有不规则情况在机械系统。

---yes—Take out the cover of the line filter (51-1). 是，取出滤器51-1的盖。

Move the reversing handle to the ahead side and to the astern side alternately. There is proper blowing from the line filter (51-1) corresponding to the operation.

移动换向手柄到正车侧和倒车侧交变地。有适当的气从滤器51-1吹出相应到操作。

---no—The reversing cylinder (26) is not good. 不，换向气缸不良。

---yes—Bring the cover of the line filter (51-1) back as was before. 是，装回滤器的盖。

Move the reversing handle to ahead side and to the astern side alternately. The single-acting cylinder (17) is actuated corresponding to the operation.

移动换向手柄到正车侧和倒车侧交变地。单作用气缸17被促动相应到操作。

---no—There is irregularity of the system actuated by the single-acting cylinder (17). ---no—The single-acting cylinder (17) is not good.

不，有系统的不规则促动由单作用气缸17。不，单作用气缸17不良。

 

D.           Speed setting circuit 速度设定回路

 

At first, joint the pressure gauge named “pos. no. X” with the pipe connected to the P.G. governor.

首先，接入压力表名叫“X”，管路接到PG调速器。

Move the regulating handle from the min. fuel position to the max. fuel position. There is proper pressure which is indicated by the pressure gauge (03 and pos. no. X), corresponding to the regulating handle at the fuel position.

移动调节手柄从最小燃油位置到最大燃油位置。由适当的压力指示在压力表03和X，相应到调节手柄的燃油位置。

---no—The manoeuvring valve (01-Ⅲ) is not good or is not adjusted properly.

不，操纵阀01-Ⅲ不良或没有适当的调整。

---yes—Move the reversing handle to the ahead side, and the regulating handle to the start position.

是，移动换向手柄到正车侧，而调节手柄到启动位置。

There is compliance in indication between the pressure gauge (X) and the pressure gauge mounted on the pressure reducing valve (28).

有依从  指示在压力表X 和安装在减压阀28的压力表之间。

---no—The 3-way valve (29) is not good. 不，三通阀29不良

---yes—Turn the handle of the pressure reducing valve (28). The pressure gauge mounted on the pressure reducing valve (28) and the pressure gauge (X) indicate the pressure corresponding to the position of the handle.

是，转动减压阀28的手柄。安装在减压阀28的压力表和压力表X 指示压力相应对手柄的位置。

---no—The pressure reducing valve (28) is not good. 不，减压阀28不良。

---yes—The pressure gauge (X) indicates the pressure corresponding to the position of the regulating handle changed from 2.0 kg/cm2G after some interval when the change-over operation, such as air-running to fuel-running, is performed.

是，压力表X 指示压力相应到调节手柄的位置，从2.0 kg/cm2G 变化，在一些间隔之后，当转换操作时，例如空气运转转换到燃油运转被执行。

---no—The check valve (30) is not good or is not adjusted properly.

不，截止阀30不良或没有适当调节。

The pressure gauge mounted on the pressure reducing valve (35) indicates 1.1kg/cm2G when the load limiter cut out switch which is mounted on the control room is turned on.

安装在减压阀35的压力表指示1.1kg/cm2G，当安装在控制室的负荷限制器切断开关被打开时。

---no—The pressure gauge mounted on the pressure reducing valve (35) indicates the position corresponding to the handle position of the pressure reducing valve(35).

---no—In case that the pressure gauge mounted on the pressure valve (35) indicates zero position, it is a proof that the 3-way magnet valve (35) is not good. In case that the pressure gauge of the above valve indicates other position than zero, the pressure reducing valve (35) is not good.

不，安装在减压阀35的压力表指示位置相应对减压阀35的手柄位置。

不，安装在减压阀35的压力表指示为零的情况下，它是三通电磁阀35 不良的证据。在上面的阀的压力表都指示大于零的情况下，减压阀35不良。

PSC inspection conversation  (我正学........)

Unit 1  Pollution prevention

 

Dialogue 1

Good morning. Are you chief engineer?

Yes, I am. Good morning, sir.

I’m a superintendent officer from this harbour to make anti-pollution inspection.

Welcome on board, sir. Take a seat, please. Would you like a cup of tea?

No, thanks. Don’t bother, chief. Let’s start the inspection, shall we?

OK, let’s start now.

 

Practical sentences

Good morning, sir. Can I help you?

Is this your first time to come aboard? Then I’ll need to see some identification.

Hello, I am a PSC officer from AMSA. Here is my identity card.

I’m the duty engineer. Welcome on board, PSC officers.

We’ve come to make safety and anti-pollution inspection.

A moment, please. Let me arrange for someone to operate the items on the spot for us.

 

Dialogue 2

How many liters of oil sludge are produced every day?

About 210 liters a day.

How has the oil sludge been treated?

It has been burnt out in the incinerator.

Has any sludge oil been delivered to the shore or to garbage vessels?

Yeah, whenever the amount of sludge oil exceeds 50 tons, we prefer to deliver it to the shore side.

 

Practical sentences

It is treated via the incinerator.

Delivering sludge oil to the shore is cheaper than handing it via the incinerator.

 

Dialogue 3

Chief engineer, may i have a look at your oil record book?

Sure. Here you are.

Some items are written in Chinese. It should be written in English or French.

It’s my fault. I’ll fill it out in English from now on.

 

Practical sentences

I wonder if all the data is in English.

I suspect that your record is untrue.

The entries in the oil record book part 1 were not correctly completed.

Is the oil record book kept up to date?

Have bunkering procedures been carried out?

The fourth engineer is in charge of the I.O.P.P equipment.

Is the oil spill equipment on board located according to the Vessel Response Plan?

Show me your I.O.P.P. certificate, please.

This is the I.O.P.P. certificate.

 

 

Dialogue 4

How much oily water can be treated per hour by your oily water separator?

4 cubic meters of bilge are separated by the oily water separator every hour.

Well, what's the type of your bilge water separator?

Type ZYF-5.This type is a world famous one. It's up to the standard of 15 PPM.

What is the working condition of the separator?

I'm sure it's in good working order.

 

Practical sentences

Please show me the test certificate of the oily water separator and the operation manual.

 

Dialogue 5

Can you draw me a sketch of the bilge system?

Of course.

What's the capacity of your sludge tanks altogether?

30 cubic meters.

How do you dispose of oily waste?

Oil sludge is burnt out in an incinerator on board and oily bilge is separated by oily water separators.

Do you have the instruction book for the incinerator?

Yes, here it is.

How many tons of oily waste can be burnt by your incinerator every day?

30 liters an hour.

If the incinerator is out of order, what will you do then?

Usually we separate the waste oil further with the fuel purifier to the boiler daily service tank as for the boiler.

The remains will be transferred to a slop tank. If convenient, we send it to the shore reception.

Did you get the receipt when you sent oily waste to the shore reception?

Yes, I got it.

What's the capacity of your slop tank?

10 cubic meters.

 

Practical sentences

This is a sketch of our bilge system.

The system is constructed in accordance with the MARPOL convention.

We have no oily water pipe that goes directly to the sea.

We have four sludge tanks.

The capacity of the sludge tank is 30 cubic meters altogether.

Please show me the international shore connections.

The instruction book for the incinerator is in my cabin.

The incinerator can burn 45 liters of oily waste per hour.

Sometimes the incinerator really goes wrong.

The capacity of the slop tank is 10 m3.

We have applied for a slop vessel to take all the slops away from my ship.

 

Dialogue 6

Shall we go to test the bilge water separator? I want to test the 15-PPM alarm.

Yes. This way, please.

Please turn on the monitor and press the test button.

The alarm is ringing. The return electromagnetic valve is open and the outlet valve is closed.

How much oily water can be treated per hour by your oily water separator?

2.5 tons.

The plant seems in good working condition. Please take the sounding in the slop tank.

The fourth engineer shows that the tank level is 0.6 meters.

Will you show me the tank capacity table?

Here you are. It’s on page 12.

Well, it’s the same as the recording. But suppose the incinerator goes wrong and your slop tank is full, what will you do?

We’ll discharge it to the shore reception facilities. The shore reception department will give us the receiving certificate from the port authorities.

Please tell me the amount of oil sludge in the slop tank now.

Yes. Fourth engineer, take the sounding and show it to the officer…

OK, it’s 10 cubic meters.

You’ve done a really good job.

Thank you. It’s our duty.

 

Practical sentences

The shore reception facilities have receiving certificates from the port authority.

What is the condition of your oily water separator?

The oily water separator is in good working condition.

Every valve of our oily water separator is in order.

The sounding result is the same as the recording.

The outlet valve for the oily water separator must be well locked while calling in port.

The overboard valve is not secured.

I found your inlet valve of the machine is dry rusty.

There is no system flow chart beside the oily water separator.

 

Dialogue 7

How did you deal with oil wastes?

They were burnt in an incinerator.

Could you show me the ashes of burnt sludge?

Of course. I’ll show you.

Have you thought of discharging oil sludge to the reception facilities ashore?

Yes. We’ll do so if oil sludge is too much to be burnt.

By the way, how much oil sludge is there in your sludge tank?

20 tons.

I thank there is oil leakage somewhere, but the leaking is not serious.

We’ll check it immediately. It’s kind of you to point out the problem.

 

Practical sentences

Oily water was observed in way of the bilge.

There is much oil floating on the surface of the sea around your ship.

It’s impossible for us to discharge oily water when the ship is in the harbour.

If you suspect that the ballast water contains oil, we can discharge a little bit at once for you to check if you like.

We always clean any oil stains the moment they are found and never let them go onto the sea.

Thank you for your inspection and advice.

 

Dialogue 8

Where is your sewage treatment tank?

On the portside of the next deck. Follow me please.

Has the overboard discharge valve been closed?

Yes. Have a look yourself, please.

How much chemical matter do you put into the tank each day?

Usually 4 units, about 200 grams.

Could you show me your engine logbook from voyage No.3 to No.9 this year?

Ok, here you are.

 

Practical sentences

Please show me the sewage flow chart of your engine room.

Is the sewage treatment plant functioning correctly?

The sewage plant has been holed by wasting.

The chemicals are not stowed separately at a safe place.

There are no data sheets posted for these chemicals.

The chemicals are not stowed in a well-ventilated area.

 

 

 

Operational problems on marine diesel engines related to fuel properties

 

Associate professor geir fiskaa

Fuel oil production

 

The fuel oil which is supplied to ships, can have considerably varying properties from one fuel terminal to another, and variations over time may also be expected in any particular port.

供应船上的燃油，能拥有相当不同的特性从一个燃油供应终端到另一个，而且随着时间过去这种改变也会在某些具体的港口所见到。

Up to the 1970s, fuel oils for diesel engines were essentially based on atmospheric gas oils and residual oils from atmospheric distillation. This meant that the oils had a relatively stable quality, low density, low impurity content and good ignition and combustion qualities (refer to figure 1).

一直到1970年代，柴油机的燃油本来都是基于来自常压蒸馏的大气汽油和残余油类。这个意味着油品相当地稳定的质量，低密度，低杂质含量和良好的发火和燃烧质量。（图1略）fractions used in fuel oil until about 1970

The fuel oil for modern diesel engines, and to an even greater extent in the future, will consist of a mixture of quite different oil fractions. Difficulties therefore arise when it is necessary to describe and specify fuel oils (refer to figure 2).

给现代柴油机的，以及将来更大型柴油机的燃油，将会由一些十分不同的分馏的混合物组成。困难因此而出现了，当需要去描述和载明燃油时。（图2略）fractions used in present day fuel oils

 

types of marine fuel oil

On the whole, marine fuel oils can be divided into the following two main categories:

-         Distillates

-         Heavy fuels

Distillates consist of one or more distillation fraction.

Heavy fuels consist either solely of residual oils or of a mixture of residual oils and distillates. By blending in the distillates it is possible to alter the viscosity and density, and to some extent influence the chemical properties of the fuel oil.

整体来说，船用燃油能分为以下两种主要种类：

－  蒸馏物

－  重油

蒸馏物由一种或多种蒸馏部分组成。

重油 或者由残余的油单独组成或者由残余油与蒸馏油混合组成。通过混进蒸馏油有可能改变燃油的粘度和密度和一定范围内影响化学特性。

 

The distillates for marine diesel engines can be divided into the two following groups:

-         Marine gas oils

-         Marine diesel oils

 

Marine gas oil (MGO) consists of one or more pure distillation fraction from a distillation or cracking process. Marine gas oils have a low viscosity and density, typically 830 to 860 kg/m3 at 15℃ and 1.5 to 5.5 cst/40℃. Impurity concentrations are low, and by fuel oil standards the ignition properties are good.

给船用柴油机的蒸馏油能分进以下两组：

  －  船用汽油

  －  船用柴油

船用汽油(MGO)由一种或多种纯蒸馏分馏从蒸馏或裂变程序出来。船用汽油低粘度和密度，代表性地830到860 kg/m3,在15℃时，并且粘度是1.5到5.5cst在40℃时。杂质浓度低，而且根据燃油标准发火特性良好。
.......................

Watch keeping

At the beginning of the watch the current operational parameters and the condition of all machinery should be verified and also the log readings should correspond with those observed. The engineer officer in charge should note if there are any special orders or instruction relating to the operation of the main machinery or auxiliaries. He should determine what work is in progress and any hazards or limitations it presents. The levels of tanks containing fuel, water, slops, ballast, etc., should be noted and also the level of the various bilges. The operating mode of equipment and available standby equipment should also be noted.
At appropriate intervals inspection should be made of the main propulsion plant, auxiliary machinery and steering gear spaces. Any routine adjustments may then be made and malfunctions or breakdown should be noted, reported and corrected. During these tours of inspection bilge level should be noted, piping and systems should be observed for leaks, and local indicating instruments also should be observed.
Bridge orders must be promptly carried out and a record of any required changes in speed and direction should be kept. When under standby or manoeuvring conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unit or console should be continuously manned.
Certain watchkeeping duties are necessary for the continuous operation of equipment or plant-the transferring of fuel for instance. In addition to these regular tasks other repair or maintenance tasks may be required of the watchkeeping personnel. However no tasks should be undertaken which will interfere with the supervisory duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment.
During the watch a log or record will be taken of the various parameters of main and auxiliary equipment. Fuel consumption figures are used to determine the efficiency of operation, in addition to providing a check on the available bunker quantities. Lubricating oil tank levels to some extent indicates engine oil consumption. If the sump level were to rise this would indicate water leakage into the oil and an investigation into the cause must be made. The engine exhaust temperature reading should all be about the same to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder. The various temperature and pressure values for the cooling water and lubricating oil should be at, or near to, the manufacture’s designed values for the particular speed or fuel lever settings.
Various parameters for the main engine turbo-blowers are also logged. Since they are high speed turbines the correct supply of lubricating oil is essential. The air cooler should be supplied with adequate amount of cooling water to ensure efficient combustion.
Various level and temperature readings are taken of heavy oil tanks, both settling and service, bearings, sea water, etc. The operating diesel generators will have their exhaust temperatures, cooling water and lubricating oil temperatures and pressures logged in much the same way as for the main engine. Of particular importance will be the log of running hours since this will be the basis for overhauling the machinery.
Other auxiliary machinery and equipment, such as heat exchangers, freshwater generator （evaporator）, boiler, air conditioning plant and refrigeration plant will also have appropriate readings taken. There will usually be summarize or  daily account.tables for heavy oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil and fresh water, which will be complied at noon.
The completed log is used to compile a summary sheet or abstract of information which is returned to the company head office for record purpose.
Where situations occur in the machine space which may affect the speed, maneuverability, power supply or other essentials for the safe operation of the ship, the bridge should be informed as soon as possible. The engineer in charge should notify the Chief Engineer in the event of any serious occurrence or a situation where he is unsure of the action to take. However, where immediate action is necessary to ensure safety of the ship, its machinery and crew, it must be taken by the engineer in charge.
At the completion of the watch each member should hand over to his relief, ensureing that he is competent to take over and carry out his duties effectively.

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