如何改错

短文改错的类型（一）

一、一致性问题

1．主谓一致
1）What are your favourite sport？（’97）is这是对疑问句主谓一致的考查。
2）Play football not only makes us grow up tall…（’98）Playing
     动词原形加-ing构成动名词形式，与谓语动词makes一致。
3）Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library．（2000）are
主语为复数概念“我的照片和奖牌”。

2．时态一致
1）It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home．
（’96）drive
连词and连接的是两个并列的动作meet和drive。
2）They offered me coffee and other drinks．
We have a good time talking and laughing．
（’96）had
整篇文章记述过去发生的事情，用的是过去时。

3）Hello，I learn about you from my English teacher，…（’97）learned
从教师那儿知道，是过去发生的行为，故须用过去时。
4）My favourite sport is football．
I was a member of our school football team．（’98）am 整篇文章描述现在的情况，用的是一般现在时。此句也应改为一般现在时。
5）…not only makes us…but also give us a sense of fair play…（’98）gives“not only…”连接的应是两个相等的成份，用第三人称单数。
6）I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing…（’99）was
此句描述的是过去的事情，且下句也是用的过去时，故要改为was。
7）I remembered her words and calm down．
（2000）calmed
连词and连接两个相等的成份。

3．名词的单复数一致
1）…and asked me lots of question．
（’96）questions
“question”为可数名词，用在lotsof后面，应加-s。
2）We study quite a few subject，such as maths，…（’97）subjects
A few后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。
3）…and often watch football match on TV…
（’98）matches
经常观看足球赛，足球赛应为复数形式。
4）She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success，…（2000）schoolmates
此处同学为复数概念，应加上-s。

4．代词的性、数一致
1）The Smiths did his best to make me feel…（’96）their
主语The Smiths用以指代一家人或夫妇俩，后面的代词应该用their。
2）And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the games．（’98）we
全文谈论的都是“我们”的事，此处也应一致。
3）Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another．（’99）one
此句考查表示三者以上的代词搭配one…another。
4）The day before the speech contest English teacher…（2000）my
可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English，但指代不明。根据上下文，加上my比较贴切。

5．语意一致
She was smiling but nodding at me．
（2000）and
微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。

高考短文改错的类型（二）

二、词义的重叠

1．Today I visited the Smiths———my first time visit to…（’96）

这一题是考查英汉不同的表达习惯。汉语的“第一次访问”，英语说my first visit即可，time是多余的。

2．First，let me tell you something more about myself．（’97）

因为是头一次交朋友，以前并不了解，无所谓“更多”。more明显是多余的。

3．Now I can’t watch much television but a few years ago I used to watch it every night…and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set．（’99）

此题难度较大。它在语义上出现重叠，但答案一直到短文最后一句才出现。电视机既已卖掉，就不可能再看了，更不可能看“很多”。故要去掉much。

4．Whenever I see them I often think of my English teacher．（2000）

此题易受汉语的影响，造成语意上的重叠。“每当我看见它们，我总会想起我的英语教师。”但英语中whenever之后一般不用often。

三、从句引导词

I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China．

（’97）which

考查定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法。此处where应改为which，因为它在定语从句中作主语。

 

NMET短文改错题错误类型例析

一、名词错误

名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误。确定名词单复数的方法：①看修饰语。可数名词前若有数词及many, a lot of, quite a few, one of…, all the (one’s)…等修饰时，要用复数。②主谓的一致。③可数名词前无单数修饰语，一定要用复数。④看其他限定。

[例题]

1.     During my stay in London I visited many places of interests and had lots of friendly talks with all kinds of people.

2.     In spite of the heavy traffics I managed to get to the college five minutes before class began.

3.     We study quite a few subject, such as math, Chinese, English, and physics.

4.     They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.

5.     She said she and my classmate all wished me success.

6.     A journey of a thousand mile begins with a single step.

7.     Happy birthday, Peter and many happy return of the day.

8.     Visiting friends is one of the most common occurrence in our everyday life.

9.     Professor White gave me one of the best piece of advice I’ve ever heard.

10.  I saw your name on a list of teacher who wished to spend their holidays in France this summer.

11.  This is really a problem we Chinese official pay more attention to.

12.  All the woman doctors in the hospital got a present on the eighth of March.

13.  There are so many kinds of computers on sale that we can’t make up our mind which to buy.

14.  There are branch library in many village in Britain.

15.  Is it true that some Germen will come to visit our school next week ?

16.  More than 1.5 billion people in these countries watch the concert. They are well received all over the world.

二、冠词错误

冠词是英语中特有的词类。由于汉语中没有相对应的词类，所以中国学生对它的用法感到非常难以掌握。短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有，但多是基本用法如，不可数名词表泛指，前面多冠词；专有名词前多冠词；单数可数名词前缺冠词;不定冠词a, an与定冠词the的误用以及固定搭配中的冠词错误等。

[例题]

1.     As I am ∧inexperienced teacher, I’m afraid I have little to say about the subject.

2.     After∧ quick supper, Tom returned to the schoolyard.

3.     I’ll take this chance to wish you∧ wonderful time on your birthday.

4.     The crowd gathered at the entrance to the hotel, hoping to be lucky enough to have∧ look at the pop star.

5.     One of the students who were sitting in front gave a different answer to the question.

6.     The computer is an useful machine that can do many things for us.

7.     I’d love to have gone the party but I had a unexpected visitor.

8.     It’s necessary that a person drink several glasses of the water if he wishes to remain healthy.

9.     A great celebration was held in the People’s Square on the National Day.

10.  Many people agree that the knowledge of English is a must in international trade.

11.  He failed but he wanted to try the second time.

12.  Though he has the great number of books, he has never read any of them.

13.  We may be one family and live under a same roof.

14.  How beautifully she sings! I’ve never heard the better voice.

15.  A few friends he’d made there were all invited to his birthday party.

三、代词错误

代词错误主要有人称代词格的误用，不定代词使用错误，作形式主语与形式宾语it的遗漏或误用以及代词所指代的内容与先行词在性和数方面不一致等。

[例题]

1.     Mr Johnson gave his friends , Mary and I , a tea party.

2.     Pass Rose and I two pieces of bread, please.

3.     I have the same idea as his.

4.     And they mustn’t break the rules too often if we want to win the game.

5.     We got on the school bus and which took us straight to the People’s Park.

6.     The football team has done well this year. All of their members have trained hard.

7.     The best drivers can also have an accident if you are absent-minded and the driving conditions are not so good.

8.     He designed new tools which were fit for the users when they worked with it.

9.     I think I like those classes because I felt it helped me understand how the world worked.

10.  We owe to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.

11.  Haven’t I made this clear that you mustn’t spit everywhere ?

12.  I’m hungry. Would you please get me anything to eat ?

四、词性错误

根据词在句中的位置及与其他词的修饰与被修饰的关系来确定词的正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用相应的词性。词性误用包括形容词副词误用和其他词性误用。连系动词后或名词前用形容词，修饰行为动词、形容词副词、过去分词或整个句子用副词。

[例题]

1.     The fish has gone bad. It taste terribly.

2.     I’m sure your illness is caused by something more seriously than overwork.

3.     I find it hard to believe what the writer says in his recent book though it sounds reasonably.

4.     After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed practically to me.

5.     The mixture of coffee, milk, and sugar tastes differently from tea.

6.     People at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.

7.     My hometown has taken on a new look. How great it has changed!

8.     We eat simple at home and do not want to spend lots of money on food.

9.     The listened to his heart and said there was nothing serious wrong with him.

10.  The leaning tower of Pisa is famous not because of its beauty but because it leans dangerous to one side.

11.  He knew it was strict against the law , but he still parked his car in front of the city bank.

12.  Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.

13.  Usually at the begin of a meeting, we sang the national song.

14.  Now many people believe that man’s greatest problem is how to control the grow of his own population.

15.  Only when he began to work did he come to realize the important of knowledge.

16.  We all find it difficulty to learn physics.

17.  He hid the stolen money deeply in a hole under the tree.

18.  Now a color TV set costs much less than it was years ago.

19.  Hearing the knock on the door, the boy lay down his pen and stopped writing.

20.  When I heard the steps outside, I hurriedly went up to the window to see who past by.

21.  All our neighbors eager to find out how fast our new car can run.

22.  You wouldn’t have caught such a bad cold if you hadn’t worked long into the night with the windows opened.

五、时态与语态错误

时态错误情况：根据语境用错时态; 根据句子结构或句意用错时态; 根据连词对称性原则用错时态及根据时间状语用错时态。解题时应根据特定的语境、特定的时间状语提示，正确调整时态。

语态错误是该用被动语态却用了主动语态或不能用于被动语态的词如happen, take place, occur, sell well, belong to等却用了被动语态。

[例题]

1.     Do you know what subjects they study while they were at college?

2.     I’d like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning.

3.     I am happy with any program but the others spent a lot of time arguing.

4.     Children are taught to follow the rules and what they do in later life depends partly on the habits they develop when they were young.

5.     It was a long time since I saw Tom at my uncle’s and I don’t know where he’s been these months.

6.     The ship hardly left the port when a terrible storm came.

7.     The time is sure to come when my words come true.

8.     The rule requires that everyone has his bike, new or old, checked once a year.

9.     He took the narrow winding country road which he knew leading to a town some 12 miles away.

10.  Each of the employees, making preparations for his or her interview, hoping to be offered a good job.

11.  There by the river sitting an old man who seemed to be fishing.

12.  You are wet all over. You must have caught in the sudden heavy rain.

13.  In order to prevent the fire from spreading, some of the houses had pulled down before the firemen arrived.

14.  In the summer of 1998, serious floods were occurred in many parts of China.

六、非谓语动词错误

主要是不定式符号to的多余与遗漏，动名词作主语和介词宾语时误用原形动词，现在分词与过去分词的误用等。

 [例题]

1.     We must do everything we can help Lin Ping in his first year of teaching.

2.     We’ve missed the last bus. We have no choice but walk home.

3.     I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.

4.     Jack was said to be made stay behind by his teacher after school yesterday.

5.     I’d rather find work to make a living than to go to college.

6.     She did nothing but cried all day.

7.     The police have been going all out to catch the escaping prisoner all over the country for two weeks.

8.     People expect their electing officials to be honest.

9.     With several pages missed, the dictionary isn’t so useful .

10.  Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by fallen trees or branches.

11.  A the entrance to the cave you will see several safety lamps hanged fro the top.

12.  Mary couldn’t make herself pay attention to because there was so much noise here.

13.  It was late, but the farmers still had their tractors work in the field.

14.  The more he thought about it, the more question he thought of ask.

15.  Tom looks forward every spring to skate on real ice.

16.  Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to set up some schools for poor children.

17.  Learning English is not just a matter of know a lot of grammar rules and words.

18.  Dr Tichauer has discovered that use the same tools all day long for many years will cause serious illnesses.

19.  After enter college, she became interested in computers and read as many books as she could on the subject.

20.  I’m having a great time visit Grandma in London.

21.  Contrary to common practice, he let his daughter studying at home instead of sending her to a school nearby.

22.  There was no more buses, they had no choice to walk home.

 

 

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